Barriers Perceived by Managers and Clinical Professionals Related to the Implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Breastfeeding through the Best Practice Spotlight Organization Program.

International institutions facilitate the contact of health professionals to evidence-based recommendations for promoting exclusive breast feeding (BF). However, the achievement of good rates of exclusive BF is still far from the optimum. The intention of the present work is to determine the barriers identified by managers and health professionals involved in the implementation and sustainability of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for breastfeeding under the auspices of the Best Practice Spotlight Organization program. A qualitative research study was carried out. The participants were managers, healthcare assistants, nurses, midwives, pediatricians and gynecologists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted which were transcribed and analyzed using the six steps of thematic analysis. Twenty interviews were conducted, which defined four major themes: (1) Lack of resources and their adaptation; (2) Where, Who and How; (3) Dissemination and reach of the project to the professionals; and (4) The mother and her surroundings. This research identifies the barriers perceived by the health professionals involved in the implementation, with the addition of the managers as well. Novel barriers appeared such as the ambivalent role of the midwives and the fact that this CPG is about promoting health. The efforts for promoting the implementation program should be continuous, and the services should be extended to primary care.

Experiences of Nursing Students during the Abrupt Change from Face-to-Face to e-Learning Education during the First Month of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain.

The current state of alarm due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the urgent change in the education of nursing students from traditional to distance learning. The objective of this study was to discover the learning experiences and the expectations about the changes in education, in light of the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education, of nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor's and Master's degree of two public Spanish universities during the first month of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative study was conducted during the first month of the state of alarm in Spain (from 25 March-20 April 2020). Semi-structured interviews were given to students enrolled in every academic year of the Nursing Degree, and nurses who were enrolled in the Master's programs at two public universities. A maximum variation sampling was performed, and an inductive thematic analysis was conducted. The study was reported according with COREQ checklist. Thirty-two students aged from 18 to 50 years old participated in the study. The interviews lasted from 17 to 51 min. Six major themes were defined: (1) practicing care; (2) uncertainty; (3) time; (4) teaching methodologies; (5) context of confinement and added difficulties; (6) face-to-face win. The imposition of e-learning sets limitations for older students, those who live in rural areas, with work and family responsibilities and with limited electronic resources. Online education goes beyond a continuation of the face-to-face classes. Work should be done about this for the next academic year as we face an uncertain future in the short-term control of COVID-19.

[Risk of dependence and self-esteem in elderly people according to physical activity and drug consumption]. / Riesgo de dependencia y autoestima en personas mayores de 60 años según la actividad física y el consumo farmacológico.

OBJECTIVE: Despite knowing that the practice of physical activity can positively influence the health of older people, there are variables such as the risk of dependency and the level of self-esteem that can mediate people´s quality of life. The objective of this study was to know the relationship between the risk of dependence and level of self-esteem in older people. METHODS: 515 seniors between 60 and 90 years old were interviewed. A single measurement was made, using different scales and validated questionnaires (Rosenberg personal self-esteem scale, Barber test and Modified Baecke PAQ questionnaire). Statistical analyzes (with the SPSS v. 23.0 program) descriptive, ANOVA, linear regression analysis and correlations were performed. RESULTS: 89.1% had dependency risk, 32.6% were physically active and 43.3% had low self-esteem. The level of physical activity practice showed significant differences (p<0.001) favorable to active people, who had a lower risk of dependence, better self-esteem and lower consumption of medications than sedentary ones. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of physical activity helps reduce drug consumption, which improves the self-esteem of the elderly and decreases the risk of dependence.

OBJETIVO: A pesar de saberse que la práctica de actividad física puede influir positivamente sobre la salud de las personas mayores, existen variables como el riesgo de dependencia y el nivel de autoestima que pueden mediar en la calidad de vida de las personas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la relación existente entre el riesgo de dependencia y el nivel de autoestima en las personas mayores. METODOS: Se entrevistaron 515 personas mayores, de entre 60 y 90 años de edad. Se realizó una única medición, utilizando diferentes escalas y cuestionarios validados (Escala de autoestima personal de Rosenberg, test de Barber y cuestionario Modificado Baecke PAQ). Se realizaron análisis estadísticos (con el programa SPSS v. 23.0) descriptivos, ANOVA, análisis de regresión lineal y correlaciones. RESULTADOS: El 89,1% presentó riesgo de dependencia, el 32,6% eran activos físicamente y el 43,3% tenían autoestima baja. El nivel de práctica de actividad física evidenció diferencias significativas (p<0,001) favorables para las personas activas, las cuales presentaban menor riesgo de dependencia, mejor autoestima y menor consumo de medicamentos que las sedentarias. CONCLUSIONES: La práctica de actividad física ayuda a la reducción del consumo farmacológico, lo cual mejora la autoestima de las personas mayores y disminuye el riesgo de dependencia.

The Influence of Physical Activity, Diet, Weight Status and Substance Abuse on Students' Self-Perceived Health.

The objective of this study was to determine the level and relationship between the self-perceived health of adolescents in relation to the level of practice of physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, weight status and consumption of substance abuse, such as alcohol and tobacco. A total of 516 adolescent students between the ages of 12 and 16 completed a series of questionnaires to assess their health, physical activity, compliance with the Mediterranean diet and alcohol and tobacco consumption. Adolescents who practice more physical activity have better health and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The level of health is higher among adolescents with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, evidencing better health among those who consume less tobacco. These results show the need to involve the educational community, families and the media to promote healthy lifestyle habits that can help physical activity and sports professionals in the development of theoretical-practical proposals aimed at improving the health of students.

Relationship of Parental Support on Healthy Habits, School Motivations and Academic Performance in Adolescents.

The objective of the study was to analyze how parental support relates to the physical activity practice, satisfaction with sports, level of physical activity, academic performance and alcohol consumption. Descriptive cross-sectional study, with 1100 adolescents (12-16 years old), where the factors related to parental support, gender and age acted as independent variables, and satisfaction with sport, level of physical activity (PA), academic performance and alcohol consumption acted as dependent variables. A multivariate statistical analysis was conducted. Adolescents with little parental support show (p < 0.001) more boredom, less fun, worse academic performance and higher alcohol consumption. Gender shows differences (p < 0.001) experiencing girls more boredom, less fun, less PA practice and higher academic performance than boys. Age establishes (p < 0.01) that older adolescents (15-16 years old) experience more boredom, less fun, less PA practice, lower academic performance and higher alcohol consumption than young boys and girls (12-14 years old). Parental support towards PA practice improves healthy habits, benefits academic performance and school satisfaction with physical and sports activity.

Análisis de la composición corporal y violencia en escolares de Educación Primaria / Analysis of body composition and violence in Primary School children

El incremento de conductas de violencia interpersonal en la infancia y adolescencia ha generado la necesidad de estudiar todos los factores que puedan ser determinantes. Por tanto, el objetivo fue analizar la relación entre composición corporal y patrones de violencia entre iguales. Se desarrolló un estudio en 214 escolares españoles, de 8-12 años de edad. Se midieron variables antropométricas y se evaluó la violencia interpersonal con el Cuestionario de Violencia Escolar Cotidiana. El análisis inferencial mostró la correlación entre peso y talla con la dimensión de Violencia observada (p = 0'038; p = 0'001, respectivamente). No se detectaron diferencias en relación al estado de peso (infrapeso-normopeso vs. sobrepeso-obesidad) en las dimensiones de Violencia sufrida y Violencia observada. Los resultados sugieren una correlación débil entre peso y talla con la violencia interpersonal. Más evidente parece la ausencia de diferencias entre el estado de peso y la violencia interpersonal

The increase in interpersonal violence behaviors in childhood and adolescence has generated the need to study all the factors that may be determinant. Therefore, the objective was to analyze the relationship between body composition and patterns of violence between equals. A study was developed in 214 Spanish schoolchildren, aged 8-12 years. Anthropometric variables were measured and interpersonal violence was evaluated with the Daily School Violence Questionnaire. The inferential analysis showed the correlation between weight and height with the Observed Violence dimension (p = 0.038, p = 0.001, respectively). No differences were detected in relation to the state of weight (underweight- normal weight vs. overweight-obesity) in the dimensions of Violence suffered and Violence observed. The results suggest a weak correlation between weight and height with interpersonal violence. More evident is the absence of differences between weight status and interpersonal violence

Valoración de los hábitos de alimentación en Educación Secundaria en la ciudad de Salamanca. Análisis según sexo y curso escolar / Assessment of eating habits in students of Secondary Education in the city of Salamanca. Analysis according to sex and school year

INTRODUCCIÓN: La adolescencia es un periodo clave para el establecimiento de la conducta alimentaria y para la promoción de una alimentación saludable. Los programas de intervención deben basarse en la realidad actual de los adolescentes a quienes van dirigidos. OBJETIVOS: El presente estudio pretende conocer los hábitos de alimentación actuales de los adolescentes y detectar los factores de riesgo y/o los aspectos a mejorar en su conducta alimentaria diaria, analizando si existen diferencias según el sexo y el curso escolar en el inicio y en el final de Educación Secundaria. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal mediante encuesta en el que se analizan los hábitos de alimentación mediante el cuestionario incluido en el estudio internacional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children según el sexo y curso escolar de los 1.419 adolescentes que participaron. RESULTADOS: El consumo de alimentos saludables es inferior a lo recomendado, sólo un 11,3% de los adolescentes cumple correctamente con todos los hábitos evaluados. Existen diferencias importantes en la calidad y frecuencia del desayuno, un 12,3% acude al centro escolar sin desayunar. El 19,1% consume frutas menos de una vez por semana o nunca y sólo un 20,3% realiza un consumo diario de verduras. Más del 50% de los estudiantes consume snacks, refrescos azucarados o dulces dos veces por semana o más. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES: Debido a que no se sigue por parte de los adolescentes una dieta saludable según las recomendaciones propuestas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), es necesario seguir fomentando el desayuno y la mejora de calidad nutricional en las comidas, favoreciendo la ingesta de alimentos saludables (más fruta, verdura y pescado) y controlando el consumo excesivo de los menos aconsejados (carne y alimentos azucarados)

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a key period for the establishment of eating behavior and therefore it is essential to promote healthy eating among this population group. Intervention programs must be based on the current reality of the adolescents to whom they are addressed. OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to know the current eating habits of adolescents and detect risk factors and / or aspects to improve in their daily diet, analyzing whether there are differences according to sex and school year at the beginning and end of Education High school. METHOD: Cross-sectional study through a survey in which nutritional habits are analyzed, using the questionnaire on food included in the international study Health Behavior in School-aged Children, according to sex and academic year, of the 1,419 adolescents who participated. RESULTS: The consumption of healthy foods is lower than recommended, only 11.3% correctly comply with all the habits evaluated. There are important differences in the quality and frequency of breakfast, 12.3% go to the school without breakfast. 19.1% consume fruits less than once a week or never and only 20.3% make a daily consumption of vegetables. More than 50% of students consume snacks, sugary soda or candy at least twice a week. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Because a healthy diet is not followed according to the proposed recommendations, it is necessary to continue promoting breakfast and improving nutritional quality in meals, favoring the intake of healthy foods (more fruit, vegetables and fish) and controlling the excessive consumption of the least recommended (meat and sugary foods)

Riesgo de dependencia y autoestima en personas mayores de 60 años según la actividad física y el consumo farmacológico / Risk of dependence and self-esteem in elderly people according to physical activity and drug consumption

OBJETIVO: A pesar de saberse que la práctica de actividad física puede influir positivamente sobre la salud de las personas mayores, existen variables como el riesgo de dependencia y el nivel de autoestima que pueden mediar en la calidad de vida de las personas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la relación existente entre el riesgo de dependencia y el nivel de autoestima en las personas mayores. MÉTODOS: Se entrevistaron 515 personas mayores, de entre 60 y 90 años de edad. Se realizó una única medición, utilizando diferentes escalas y cuestionarios validados (Escala de autoestima personal de Rosenberg, test de Barber y cuestionario Modificado Baecke PAQ). Se realizaron análisis estadísticos (con el programa SPSS V. 23.0) descriptivos, ANOVA, análisis de regresión lineal y correlaciones. RESULTADOS: El 89,1% presentó riesgo de dependencia, el 32,6% eran activos físicamente y el 43,3% tenían autoestima baja. El nivel de práctica de actividad física evidenció diferencias significativas (p < 0,001) favorables para las personas activas, las cuales presentaban menor riesgo de dependencia, mejor autoestima y menor consumo de medicamentos que las sedentarias. CONCLUSIONES: La práctica de actividad física ayuda a la reducción del consumo farmacológico, lo cual mejora la autoestima de las personas mayores y disminuye el riesgo de dependencia

OBJECTIVE: Despite knowing that the practice of physical activity can positively influence the health of older people, there are variables such as the risk of dependency and the level of self-esteem that can mediate people's quality of life. The objective of this study was to know the relationship between the risk of dependence and level of self-esteem in older people. METHODS: 515 seniors between 60 and 90 years old were interviewed. A single measurement was made, using different scales and validated questionnaires (Rosenberg personal self-esteem scale, Barber test and Modified Baecke PAQ questionnaire). Statistical analyzes (with the SPSS V. 23.0 program) descriptive, ANOVA, linear regression analysis and correlations were performed. RESULTS: 89.1% had dependency risk, 32.6% were physically active and 43.3% had low self-esteem. The level of physical activity practice showed significant differences (p < 0.001) favorable to active people, who had a lower risk of dependence, better self-esteem and lower consumption of medications than sedentary ones. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of physical activity helps reduce drug consumption, which improves the self-esteem of the elderly and decreases the risk of dependence

Práctica de actividad física según adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, consumo de alcohol y motivación en adolescentes / Phisical activity practice according to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, alcohol consumption and motivation in adolescents

Introducción: el estudio durante la adolescencia de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM), el consumo de alcohol, el estatus ponderal así como la práctica de actividad física (AF) es fundamental para fomentar hábitos saludables conducentes a una mejor calidad de vida en la edad adulta. Objetivos: el objetivo del presente estudio es conocer en población adolescente la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, el estatus ponderal, el consumo de alcohol y la práctica de actividad física, así como analizar si en la muestra estudiada existe asociación entre la motivación hacia la realización de práctica física-deportiva y el sexo, la edad, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la DM, el alcohol y la práctica de AF. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal de 648 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 16 años. Se analizó la adhesión a la dieta mediterránea con el test KIDMED, el consumo de alcohol con la escala de consumo de alcohol, la actividad física con el IPAQ-A y la motivación física-deportiva con la escala CSAPPA. Resultados: el 17,6% de los escolares presenta sobrepeso, el 73,4% tiene una alta adherencia a la DM, la mayoría no consume o hace un consumo moderado de alcohol y practica AF de intensidad vigorosa dentro de los rangos recomendados. Los varones tienen mayor IMC (20,86 vs. 20,67) y practican más días a la semana AF vigorosa que las mujeres (3,16 vs. 2,45). Los escolares que disfrutan más con la práctica de AF tienen una mejor alimentación, destinan más tiempo a hacer AF y consumen menos alcohol. Conclusión: los adolescentes que hacen más actividad física presentan mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, reducen el consumo de alcohol, tienen mejor estatus ponderal e incrementan la motivación física-deportiva

Introduction: the study during adolescence of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, alcohol consumption, weight status as well as the practice of physical activity is fundamental to promote healthy habits conducive to a better quality of life in adulthood. Objectives: to know the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (DM) in the adolescent population, the weight status, the consumption of alcohol and the practice of physical activity (AF); and to analyze if in the studied sample there is an association between the motivation towards the realization of physical and sports practice and sex, age, body mass index (BMI), DM, the consumption of alcohol and the practice of FA. Methods: transversal descriptive study of 648 adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was analyzed with the KIDMED test; alcohol consumption, with the alcohol consumption scale; physical activity, with the IPAQ-A; and physical-sport motivation, with the CSAPPA scale. Results: according to the results, 17.6% of school children are overweight, 73.4% have high adherence to DM, and most do not consume or make moderate alcohol consumption and practice vigorous intensity AF within the recommended ranges. Men have a higher BMI (20.86 vs 20.67) and practice more days per week vigorous AF than women (3.16 vs 2.45). Schoolchildren who enjoy more the practice of AF have a better diet, spend more time doing AF and consume less alcohol. Conclusion: adolescents who do more physical activity have greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, reduce alcohol consumption, have better weight status and increase physical-sports motivation

[Phisical activity practice according to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, alcohol consumption and motivation in adolescents]. / Práctica de actividad física según adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, consumo de alcohol y motivación en adolescentes.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: the study during adolescence of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, alcohol consumption, weight status as well as the practice of physical activity is fundamental to promote healthy habits conducive to a better quality of life in adulthood. Objectives: to know the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (DM) in the adolescent population, the weight status, the consumption of alcohol and the practice of physical activity (AF); and to analyze if in the studied sample there is an association between the motivation towards the realization of physical and sports practice and sex, age, body mass index (BMI), DM, the consumption of alcohol and the practice of FA. Methods: transversal descriptive study of 648 adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was analyzed with the KIDMED test; alcohol consumption, with the alcohol consumption scale; physical activity, with the IPAQ-A; and physical-sport motivation, with the CSAPPA scale. Results: according to the results, 17.6% of school children are overweight, 73.4% have high adherence to DM, and most do not consume or make moderate alcohol consumption and practice vigorous intensity AF within the recommended ranges. Men have a higher BMI (20.86 vs 20.67) and practice more days per week vigorous AF than women (3.16 vs 2.45). Schoolchildren who enjoy more the practice of AF have a better diet, spend more time doing AF and consume less alcohol. Conclusion: adolescents who do more physical activity have greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, reduce alcohol consumption, have better weight status and increase physical-sports motivation.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el estudio durante la adolescencia de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM), el consumo de alcohol, el estatus ponderal así como la práctica de actividad física (AF) es fundamental para fomentar hábitos saludables conducentes a una mejor calidad de vida en la edad adulta. Objetivos: el objetivo del presente estudio es conocer en población adolescente la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, el estatus ponderal, el consumo de alcohol y la práctica de actividad física, así como analizar si en la muestra estudiada existe asociación entre la motivación hacia la realización de práctica física-deportiva y el sexo, la edad, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la DM, el alcohol y la práctica de AF. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal de 648 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 16 años. Se analizó la adhesión a la dieta mediterránea con el test KIDMED, el consumo de alcohol con la escala de consumo de alcohol, la actividad física con el IPAQ-A y la motivación física-deportiva con la escala CSAPPA. Resultados: el 17,6% de los escolares presenta sobrepeso, el 73,4% tiene una alta adherencia a la DM, la mayoría no consume o hace un consumo moderado de alcohol y practica AF de intensidad vigorosa dentro de los rangos recomendados. Los varones tienen mayor IMC (20,86 vs. 20,67) y practican más días a la semana AF vigorosa que las mujeres (3,16 vs. 2,45). Los escolares que disfrutan más con la práctica de AF tienen una mejor alimentación, destinan más tiempo a hacer AF y consumen menos alcohol. Conclusión: los adolescentes que hacen más actividad física presentan mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, reducen el consumo de alcohol, tienen mejor estatus ponderal e incrementan la motivación física-deportiva.

After-school leisure time: physical activity and estimated caloric expenditure in schoolchildren from southeast Spain / El periodo de ocio extraescolar: actividad física y gasto energético estimado en escolares del sureste español

Abstract Introduction: The after-school period is commonly used by schoolchildren to do physical activities; however, the level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and caloric expenditure achieved during that period of time is unknown. Objective: To analyze the physical activity levels and the estimated caloric expenditure during the after-school period. Materials and methods: 408 schoolchildren enrolled in the Spanish education system and aged between 11 and 12 years were included in the study, of whom 205 were females (11,21±0,41) and 203 males (11,20±0,40). This is a descriptive, relational and cross-sectional study. Schoolchildren reported their physical activity by means of the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR) instrument. Physical activity was analyzed through the average minutes involved in MVPA (>3METs) and the caloric expenditure taken from the MET levels. Results: The results showed a higher average of MVPA (p<0.05) and caloric expenditure (p<0.001) in males than in females. Conclusions: The average MVPA minutes estimated by schoolchildren meet the recommendations of daily physical activity established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Special attention is required for the female gender and the beginning of adolescence.

Resumen Introducción. Por lo general, el periodo de ocio extraescolar es empleado por los escolares para realizar actividades físicas; sin embargo, se desconoce el nivel de actividad física de moderada a vigorosa intensidad (AFMV) y de gasto calórico registrados en ese periodo. Objetivo. Analizar los niveles de actividad física y gasto energético estimado durante el periodo de ocio extraescolar. Materiales y métodos. Participaron 408 escolares, con un rango de edad entre 11 y 12 años, siendo 205 niñas (11.21±0.41) y 203 niños (11.20±0.40) del sistema educativo español. Se siguió un diseño de tipo descriptivo relacional y de carácter transversal. Los escolares registraron la actividad física con el instrumento Previous Day Physical Activity Recall y su análisis se hizo a través del promedio de minutos realizando AFMV (>3 MET) y el gasto calórico extraído de los niveles de MET. Resultados. Se encontraron medias superiores para los hombres respecto a las mujeres, tanto en los minutos de AFMV (p<0.05) como en el gasto calórico (p<0.001) registrado. Conclusiones. El promedio de minutos de AFMV estimada por los escolares estudiados cumple con los valores diarios recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se debe prestar especial atención al género femenino y a la entrada a la adolescencia.

Análisis observacional de las relaciones interlíneas de la Selección Española de Fútbol, mediante coordenadas polares / Observational analysis of the interline relationships of the Spanish Soccer Team, using polar coordinates / Análise observacional das relações interlinh da equipa de futebol Nacional Espanhola, usando coordenadas polares

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el grado de relación (activación e inhibición) inter-líneas y respecto a su rival que presenta la Selección Española de fútbol cuando se encuentra en posesión del balón. Para ello se analizaron los partidos de España durante la UEFA Euro 2012 (6861 multieventos han sido codificados). Se ha utilizado un instrumento de observación ad hoc, formado por 8 criterios y 96 categorías, que permitieron registrar cuatro líneas o niveles de organización: POR (portero), DEF (defensas), CEN (centrocampistas) y DEL (delanteros), así como también su relación con el rival (JR). Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis de coordenadas polares, utilizando cada línea como conducta focal. Los resultados muestran la relación y cohesión inter-líneas que presenta el equipo, así como la activación de jugadores rivales. Esto nos permite conocer el componente táctico de la selección española y su relación con los jugadores rivales. También se ha destacado la eficacia de la metodología observacional como un filtro metodológico óptimo para el estudio del comportamiento espontáneo de los jugadores, incluyendo poderosos técnicas como el análisis de coordenadas polares. Los estudios futuros pasan por profundizar en la realidad del jugador en particular, para a continuación construir la compleja estructura que conforman las interrelaciones entre los diferentes integrantes de un equipo. Sin duda esto redundará en un mejor desempeño de la realidad del fútbol en los campos de juego

The objective of the present study was to determine the degree of inter-line relation (activation and inhibition) and with respect to its rival that presents the Spanish Selection of soccer when in possession of the ball. For this we analyzed the matches of Spain during the UEFA Euro 2012 (6861 multi-events have been coded). An ad hoc observation instrument, consisting of 8 criteria and 96 categories, was used to record four lines or levels of organization: POR (goalkeeper), DEF (defenses), CEN (midfielders) and DEL (forward). also his relationship with the rival (JR). The data were subjected to polar coordinate analysis using each line as focal behavior. The results show the relationship and cohesion inter-lines that the equipment presents, as well as the activation of rival players. This allows us to know the tactical component of the Spanish team and its relationship with the rival players. The effectiveness of observational methodology has also been highlighted as an optimal methodological filter for the study of players' spontaneous behavior, including powerful techniques such as polar coordinate analysis. Future studies go deep into the reality of the player in particular, and then build the complex structure that make up the interrelationships between the different members of a team. Undoubtedly this will result in a better performance of the reality of football on the playing fields

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o grau de relação inter-line (ativação e inibição) e em relação ao seu rival que apresenta a seleção espanhola de futebol quando em posse da bola. Para isso, analisamos os jogos de Espanha durante a UEFA Euro 2012 (6861 multi-eventos foram codificados). Um instrumento de observação ad hoc, composto por 8 critérios e 96 categorias, foi usado para registrar quatro linhas ou níveis de organização: POR (goleiro), DEF (defesas), CEN (meio-campo) e DEL (para frente). também sua relação com o rival (JR). Os dados foram submetidos a análise de coordenadas polares usando cada linha como comportamento focal. Os resultados mostram as inter-linhas de relacionamento e coesão que o equipamento apresenta, bem como a ativação de jogadores rivais. Isso nos permite conhecer o componente tático da equipe espanhola e sua relação com os jogadores rivais. A eficácia da metodologia observacional também foi destacada como um ótimo filtro metodológico para o estudo do comportamento espontâneo dos jogadores, incluindo técnicas poderosas como a análise de coordenadas polares. Estudos futuros abordam a realidade do jogador em particular e, em seguida, criam a estrutura complexa que compõe as inter-relações entre os diferentes membros de uma equipe. Sem dúvida, isso resultará em um melhor desempenho da realidade do futebol nos campos de jogo

Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en adolescentes rurales y urbanos del sur de España, satisfacción con la vida, antropometría y actividades físicas y sedentarias / Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in rural and urban adolescents of southern Spain, life satisfaction,anthropometry, and physical and sedentary activitie

Introducción: La dieta mediterránea es uno de los modelos más saludables de dieta. Los patrones alimentarios mediterráneos están sufriendo un deterioro que puede afectar especialmente a niños y adolescentes. Objetivo: Determinar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de los adolescentes del sur de España y su relación con el área de residencia, sexo, edad, satisfacción con la vida, características antropométricas y hábitos de actividad física y sedentaria. Métodos: Un total de 1.973 adolescentes (11-18 años) del sur de España participaron en este estudio descriptivo transversal. El punto de corte entre poblaciones rurales y urbanas fue 10.000 habitantes. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea fue calculada a partir del cuestionario KIDMED. Satisfacción con la vida, actividad física y sedentarismo también mediante cuestionarios fiables y válidos. Índice de masa corporal y % de grasa corporal fueron medidos utilizando el analizador corporal TANITA BC-420-S. Resultados: El 30,9% de los adolescentes reportó una dieta de calidad óptima, porcentaje superior en poblaciones rurales (P < 0,05). La adherencia fue menor en los adolescentes de mayor edad (P < 0,001), sin diferir entre sexos ni según las variables antropométricas. Los adolescentes más satisfechos con sus vidas (P < 0,001), más activos (P < 0,001), más estudiosos (P < 0,001) y menos sedentarios delante de una pantalla (P < 0,001) mostraron mayor adherencia al patrón alimentario mediterráneo. Conclusión: La mayoría de adolescentes necesitan mejorar su calidad nutricional. En comparación con estos sujetos, los más adheridos a la dieta mediterránea llevaban un estilo de vida más saludable y mostraron mayor satisfacción con sus vidas (AU)

BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean diet is one of the healthier diet models. Mediterranean food patterns are suffering a deterioration that can especially affect children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: Determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet in adolescents of southern Spain and its relationship with the residence area, sex, age, life satisfaction, anthropometry, and habits of physical activity and sedentary activities. METHODOLOGY: A total of 1973 adolescents (11-18 years) of southern Spain participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Cut-off value between rural and urban locations was 10000 inhabitants. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was calculated from the KIDMED questionnaire. Life satisfaction, physical activity, and sedentary activities also were measured through valid and reliable questionnaires. Body mass index and % body fat were measured using the TANITA BC-420-S body analyzer.RESULTS:30.9% of the adolescents reported an optimal quality diet, percent higher in rural locations (P < 0.05). Adherence was lower in older adolescents (P < 0.001), it was not different between sexes or according to anthropometric variables. Adolescents more satisfied with their lives (P < 0.001), more active (P < 0.001), more studious (P < 0.001), and less sedentary in front of a screen (P < 0.001) showed greater adherence to the Mediterranean food pattern. CONCLUSION: The majority of adolescents need to improve their nutritional quality. Compared with these subjects, the adolescents most adherent to the Mediterranean diet had a healthier lifestyle and they showed greater life satisfaction (AU)

[Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in rural and urban adolescents of southern Spain, life satisfaction, anthropometry, and physical and sedentary activities]. / Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en adolescentes rurales y urbanos del sur de España, satisfacción con la vida, antropometría y actividades físicas y sedentarias.

BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean diet is one of the healthier diet models. Mediterranean food patterns are suffering a deterioration that can especially affect children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: Determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet in adolescents of southern Spain and its relationship with the residence area, sex, age, life satisfaction, anthropometry, and habits of physical activity and sedentary activities. METHODOLOGY: A total of 1973 adolescents (11-18 years) of southern Spain participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Cut-off value between rural and urban locations was 10000 inhabitants. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was calculated from the KIDMED questionnaire. Life satisfaction, physical activity, and sedentary activities also were measured through valid and reliable questionnaires. Body mass index and % body fat were measured using the TANITA BC-420-S body analyzer. RESULTS: 30.9% of the adolescents reported an optimal quality diet, percent higher in rural locations (P < 0.05). Adherence was lower in older adolescents (P < 0.001), it was not different between sexes or according to anthropometric variables. Adolescents more satisfied with their lives (P < 0.001), more active (P < 0.001), more studious (P < 0.001), and less sedentary in front of a screen (P < 0.001) showed greater adherence to the Mediterranean food pattern. CONCLUSION: The majority of adolescents need to improve their nutritional quality. Compared with these subjects, the adolescents most adherent to the Mediterranean diet had a healthier lifestyle and they showed greater life satisfaction.

Introducción: La dieta mediterránea es uno de los modelos más saludables de dieta. Los patrones alimentarios mediterráneos están sufriendo un deterioro que puede afectar especialmente a niños y adolescentes. Objetivo: Determinar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de los adolescentes del sur de España y su relación con el área de residencia, sexo, edad, satisfacción con la vida, características antropométricas y hábitos de actividad física y sedentaria. Métodos: Un total de 1.973 adolescentes (11-18 años) del sur de España participaron en este estudio descriptivo transversal. El punto de corte entre poblaciones rurales y urbanas fue 10.000 habitantes. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea fue calculada a partir del cuestionario KIDMED. Satisfacción con la vida, actividad física y sedentarismo también mediante cuestionarios fiables y válidos. Índice de masa corporal y % de grasa corporal fueron medidos utilizando el analizador corporal TANITA BC-420-S. Resultados: El 30,9% de los adolescentes reportó una dieta de calidad óptima, porcentaje superior en poblaciones rurales (P < 0,05). La adherencia fue menor en los adolescentes de mayor edad (P < 0,001), sin diferir entre sexos ni según las variables antropométricas. Los adolescentes más satisfechos con sus vidas (P < 0,001), más activos (P < 0,001), más estudiosos (P < 0,001) y menos sedentarios delante de una pantalla (P < 0,001) mostraron mayor adherencia al patrón alimentario mediterráneo. Conclusión: La mayoría de adolescentes necesitan mejorar su calidad nutricional. En comparación con estos sujetos, los más adheridos a la dieta mediterránea llevaban un estilo de vida más saludable y mostraron mayor satisfacción con sus vidas.